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Category Archives: Literature
Some Tips For Scientific Writing
Vocabulary for Explaining trends
Increasing trend: went up, climbed, jumped, rose
Decreasing trend: went down, dropped, plummeted, slumped
Constant: remain steady, stable, plateau
List of Adjectives
Importance
Salient; Significant
Size, amount, frequency, intensity
Adequate, sufficient, indiscriminate
Quality
Abstract; Innovative; economical; consistent; sustainable; hierarchical
Variation
Alternative, variable, sustainable, steady, dramatic, sudden, gradual
Probability
Likely, possible, surely, definite, inevitable, impossible
List of transitional phrases
In general, overall
Agreement / Addition / Similarity
in the first place; not only ; but also; as a matter of fact ; in like manner; in addition; coupled with; in the same fashion / way; first, second, third; in the light of; not to mention; to say nothing of;equally important; by the same token; again; to; and; also; then; equally; identically; uniquely; like; as; too; moreover; as well as; together with; of course; likewise; comparatively; correspondingly; similarly; furthermore; additionally
Opposition / Limitation / Contradiction
although this may be true; in contrast; different from; of course …, but; on the other hand; on the contrary; at the same time; in spite of; even so / though; be that as it may; then again; above all; in reality; after all; but; (and) still; unlike; or; (and) yet; while; albeit; besides; as much as; even though; although; instead; whereas; despite; conversely; otherwise; however; rather; nevertheless; nonetheless; regardless; notwithstanding
Cause / Condition / Purpose
in the event that; granted (that); as / so long as; on (the) condition (that); for the purpose of; with this intention; with this in mind; in the hope that; to the end that; for fear that; in order to; seeing / being that; in view of; If; then; unless; when; whenever; while ; because of; as; since; while; lest; in case; provided that; given that; only / even if; so that; so as to; owing to; inasmuch as ; due to;
Examples / Support / Emphasis
in other words; to put it differently; for one thing; as an illustration; in this case; for this reason; to put it another way; that is to say; with attention to; by all means; important to realize; another key point; first thing to remember; most compelling evidence; must be remembered; point often overlooked; to point out; on the positive side; on the negative side; with this in mind; notably; including; like; to be sure; namely; chiefly; truly; indeed; certainly; surely; markedly; such as; especially; explicitly; specifically; expressly; surprisingly; frequently; significantly; particularly; in fact; in general; in particular; in detail; for example; for instance; to demonstrate; to emphasize; to repeat; to clarify; to explain; to enumerate;
Effect / Consequence / Result
as a result; under those circumstances; in that case; for this reason; in effect; for; thus; because the; then; hence; consequently; therefore; thereupon; forthwith; accordingly; henceforth;
Conclusion / Summary / Restatement
as can be seen; generally speaking; in the final analysis; all things considered; as shown above; in the long run; given these points; as has been noted; in a word; for the most part; after all; in fact; in summary; in conclusion; in short; in brief; in essence; to summarize; on balance; altogether; overall; ordinarily; usually; by and large; to sum up; on the whole; in any event; in either case; all in all; ; obviously; ultimately; definitely
Time / Chronology / Sequence
at the present time; from time to time; sooner or later; at the same time; up to the present time; to begin with; in due time; as soon as; as long as; in the meantime; in a moment; without delay; in the first place; all of a sudden; at this instant; first, second; immediately; quickly; finally; after; later; last; until; till; since; then; before; hence; since; when; once; about; next; now; formerly; suddenly; shortly; henceforth; whenever; eventually; meanwhile; further; during; in time; prior to; forthwith; straightaway; by the time; whenever; until now; now that; instantly; presently; occasionally;
Space / Location / Place
in the middle; to the left/right; in front of; on this side; in the distance; here and there; in the foreground; in the background; in the center of; adjacent to; opposite to; here; there; next; where; from; over; near; above; below; down; up; under; further; beyond; nearby; wherever; around; between; before; alongside; amid; among; beneath; beside; behind; across;
Avoiding “Very”
| Instead of “Very”+ | Use |
| afraid | terrified |
| angry | furious |
| bad | atrocious |
| beautiful | exquisite |
| big | immense |
| bright | dazzling |
| capable | accomplished |
| clean | spotless |
| clever | brilliant |
| cold | freezing |
| neat | immaculate |
| old | ancient |
| poor | destitute |
| pretty | beautiful |
| quite | silent |
| risky | perilous |
| roomy | spacious |
| rude | vulgar |
| serious | solemn |
| small | Tiny/minute |
| Strong | mighty |
| Stupid | moronic |
| Sweet | luscious |
| Tasty | delicious |
| Thin | slender |
| Ugly | hideous |
| Valuable | precious |
| Weak | feeble |
| Wet | sodden |
| Worried | Anxious |
Best way to explain graphs:
1) Give an introduction. Explain the axis and unit of measurements.
2) Give an overall picture (observe first and last data points and key features)
3) Explain data by comparing and contrasting
Some links
Kanji Chart for N5
This kanji chart may be useful to Japanese language learner. Print it in a large paper and hang in your toilet!
Whaling in Japan
Japan was an isolated country till 1850s. There were almost no foreigners in this country with exception of few Dutch who were living in isolated island of Nagasaki. However, in 1850s, US came to Japan with her military ships to Japan to force her to open up her land to foreigners. The main reason for US to force Japan was to help US whaling industry to expand. Whaling industry was very big and powerful on those days. These industries were killing whales all over the world. The ocean of Japan had high population of whales. But the problem was, this place was too far from US and it was difficult for these whaling ships to replenish their fuel and supplies. Realizing that the land of Japan was most suitable place to anchor their ships and refill it, US senate decided to send warships to Japan and start diplomatic relation with her.
Few days ago (19Sept2014) BBC reported that Japan is violating international law and has started to kill whales in name of research. US is one of the leading countries who wants to stop Japan from killing whales. Shouldn’t US see mirror of her face before making any comment on Japan? It is shameful that US is accusing Japan without any concrete proof. Today’s international law restricts US to come to Japan with warships. Even if US wants to do research in this area, they need to take permission of Japan and surrounding countries to send their team. Therefore, instead of accusing Japan for killing of whales, it is more appropriate for US to send their research team to collaborate with Japanese team and save the whales that their forefather has killed to the verge of extinction.
Hirakana Katakana and Kanji Practice sheet
Here is a Hirakana (ひらかな） Katakana （カタカナ） Practice sheet.
Download the pdf file pdf file – hirakana katakana practice sheet.
Excel file – hirakana katakana practice table
